Bootloaders/DFU/BootloaderDFU.txt

   1 /** \file
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   6
   7 /** \mainpage DFU Class USB AVR Bootloader
   8  *
   9  *  \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility:
  10  *
  11  *  The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo.
  12  *
  13  *  \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7)
  14  *  \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6)
  15  *  \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
  16  *  \li Series 2 USB AVRs (AT90USBxx2, ATMEGAxxU2) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
  17  *
  18  *  \section Sec_Info USB Information:
  19  *
  20  *  The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo.
  21  *
  22  * <table>
  23  *  <tr>
  24  *   <td><b>USB Mode:</b></td>
  25  *   <td>Device</td>
  26  *  </tr>
  27  *  <tr>
  28  *   <td><b>USB Class:</b></td>
  29  *   <td>Device Firmware Update Class (DFU)</td>
  30  *  </tr>
  31  *  <tr>
  32  *   <td><b>USB Subclass:</b></td>
  33  *   <td>None</td>
  34  *  </tr>
  35  *  <tr>
  36  *   <td><b>Relevant Standards:</b></td>
  37  *   <td>USBIF DFU Class Standard, Atmel USB Bootloader Datasheet</td>
  38  *  </tr>
  39  *  <tr>
  40  *   <td><b>Supported USB Speeds:</b></td>
  41  *   <td>Low Speed Mode \n
  42  *       Full Speed Mode</td>
  43  *  </tr>
  44  * </table>
  45  *
  46  *  \section Sec_Description Project Description:
  47  *
  48  *  This bootloader enumerates to the host as a DFU Class device, allowing for DFU-compatible programming
  49  *  software to load firmware onto the AVR.
  50  *
  51  *  Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit
  52  *  into 4KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to
  53  *  edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile.
  54  *
  55  *  When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the
  56  *  bootloader from the normal user application.
  57  *
  58  *  \section Sec_Running Running the Bootloader
  59  *
  60  *  On the USB AVR8 devices, setting the \c HWBE device fuse will cause the bootloader to run if the \c HWB pin of
  61  *  the AVR is grounded when the device is reset.
  62  *
  63  *  The are two behaviours of this bootloader, depending on the device's fuses:
  64  *
  65  *  <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is set</b>, the bootloader will run any time the system is reset from
  66  *  the external reset pin, unless no valid user application has been loaded. To initiate the bootloader, the
  67  *  device's external reset pin should be grounded momentarily.
  68  *
  69  *  <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is not set</b>, the bootloader will run only if initiated via a software
  70  *  jump, or if the \c HWB pin was low during the last device reset (if the \c HWBE fuse is set).
  71  *
  72  *  For board specific exceptions to the above, see below.
  73  *
  74  *  \subsection SSec_XPLAIN Atmel Xplain Board
  75  *  Ground the USB AVR JTAG's \c TCK pin to ground when powering on the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the
  76  *  \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
  77  *
  78  *  \subsection SSec_Leonardo Arduino Leonardo Board
  79  *  Ground \c IO13 when powering the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the
  80  *  \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
  81  *
  82  *  \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation
  83  *
  84  *  This bootloader is designed to be compatible with Atmel's provided Windows DFU class drivers. You will need to
  85  *  install Atmel's DFU drivers prior to using this bootloader on Windows platforms. If you are using a 64 bit Windows
  86  *  OS, you will need to either disable the driver signing requirement (see online tutorials for details) or use a
  87  *  digitally signed version of the official Atmel driver provided by a third party AVR user at
  88  *  <a>http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewItem&item_id=2196&item_type=project</a>.
  89  *
  90  *  \note This device spoofs Atmel's DFU Bootloader USB VID and PID so that the Atmel DFU bootloader
  91  *        drivers included with FLIP will work. If you do not wish to use Atmel's ID codes, please
  92  *        manually change them in Descriptors.c and alter your driver's INF file accordingly.
  93  *
  94  *  \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application
  95  *
  96  *  This bootloader is compatible with Atmel's FLIP utility on Windows machines, and dfu-programmer on Linux machines.
  97  *
  98  *  \subsection SSec_FLIP FLIP (Windows)
  99  *
 100  *  FLIP (Flexible In-System Programmer) is a utility written by Atmel, and distributed for free on the Atmel website.
 101  *  The FLIP utility is designed to assist in the bootloader programming of a range of Atmel devices, through several
 102  *  popular physical interfaces including USB. It is written in Java, however makes use of native extensions for USB
 103  *  support and thus is only offered on Windows.
 104  *
 105  *  To program a device using FLIP, refer to the Atmel FLIP documentation.
 106  *
 107  *  \subsection SSec_DFUProgrammer dfu-programmer (Linux)
 108  *
 109  *  dfu-programmer is an open-source command line solution for the bootloader programming of Atmel devices through a
 110  *  USB connection, using the DFU protocol, available for download at <a>http://sourceforge.net/projects/dfu-programmer/</a>.
 111  *
 112  *  The following example loads a HEX file into the AVR's FLASH memory using dfu-programmer:
 113  *  \code
 114  *  dfu-programmer at90usb1287 erase flash Mouse.hex
 115  *  \endcode
 116  *
 117  *  \section Sec_API User Application API
 118  *
 119  *  Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader,
 120  *  allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data.
 121  *
 122  *  \warning The APIs exposed by the DFU class bootloader are \b NOT compatible with the API exposed by the official Atmel DFU bootloader.
 123  *
 124  *  By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the
 125  *  following layout:
 126  *
 127  *  \code
 128  *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE          32
 129  *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START         ((FLASHEND + 1UL) - BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE)
 130  *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(Index)         (void*)((BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (Index * 2)) / 2)
 131  *
 132  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_ErasePage)(uint32_t Address)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(0);
 133  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_WritePage)(uint32_t Address)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(1);
 134  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_FillWord)(uint32_t Address, uint16_t Word) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(2);
 135  *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadSignature)(uint16_t Address)           = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(3);
 136  *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadFuse)(uint16_t Address)                = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(4);
 137  *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadLock)(void)                            = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(5);
 138  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_WriteLock)(uint8_t LockBits)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(6);
 139  *
 140  *  #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START   (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 2))
 141  *  #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE         0xDCFB
 142  *
 143  *  #define BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START   (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 4))
 144  *  #define BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE           0xDF10
 145  *
 146  *  #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START           (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 8))
 147  *  #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_LENGTH          4
 148  *  \endcode
 149  *
 150  *  From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address
 151  *  \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader
 152  *  can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them
 153  *  to the value \c BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes of FLASH
 154  *  memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START.
 155  *
 156  *  \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map
 157  *  The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader.
 158  *
 159  *  \verbatim
 160  *  +----------------------------+ 0x0000
 161  *  |                            |
 162  *  |                            |
 163  *  |                            |
 164  *  |                            |
 165  *  |                            |
 166  *  |                            |
 167  *  |                            |
 168  *  |                            |
 169  *  |      User Application      |
 170  *  |                            |
 171  *  |                            |
 172  *  |                            |
 173  *  |                            |
 174  *  |                            |
 175  *  |                            |
 176  *  |                            |
 177  *  |                            |
 178  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE
 179  *  | Booloader Start Trampoline |
 180  *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 181  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - (BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE - 4)
 182  *  |                            |
 183  *  |     Auxillery Bootloader   |
 184  *  |  Space for Smaller Devices |
 185  *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 186  *  |                            |
 187  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE
 188  *  |                            |
 189  *  |   Bootloader Application   |
 190  *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 191  *  |                            |
 192  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96
 193  *  |   API Table Trampolines    |
 194  *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 195  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32
 196  *  |    Bootloader API Table    |
 197  *  |   (User App. Accessible)   |
 198  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8
 199  *  |   Bootloader ID Constants  |
 200  *  |   (User App. Accessible)   |
 201  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND
 202  *  \endverbatim
 203  *
 204  *  \subsection SSec_Aux_Space Auxiliary Bootloader Section
 205  *  To make the bootloader function on smaller devices (those with a physical
 206  *  bootloader section of smaller than 6KB)
 207  *
 208  *  \section Sec_KnownIssues Known Issues:
 209  *
 210  *  \par On Linux machines, the DFU bootloader is inaccessible.
 211  *  On many Linux systems, non-root users do not have automatic access to newly
 212  *  inserted DFU devices. Root privileges or a UDEV rule is required to gain
 213  *  access.
 214  *  See <a href=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lufa-support/CP9cy2bc8yo/kBqsOu-RBeMJ>here</a> for resolution steps.
 215  *
 216  *  \section Sec_Options Project Options
 217  *
 218  *  The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value.
 219  *
 220  *  <table>
 221  *   <tr>
 222  *    <th><b>Define Name:</b></th>
 223  *    <th><b>Location:</b></th>
 224  *    <th><b>Description:</b></th>
 225  *   </tr>
 226  *   <tr>
 227  *    <td>SECURE_MODE</td>
 228  *    <td>AppConfig.h</td>
 229  *    <td>If defined to \c true, the bootloader will not accept any memory commands other than a chip erase on start-up, until an
 230  *        erase has been performed. This can be used in conjunction with the AVR's lockbits to prevent the AVRs firmware from
 231  *        being dumped by unauthorized persons. When false, all memory operations are allowed at any time.</td>
 232  *   </tr>
 233  *  </table>
 234  */
 235