Bootloaders/DFU/BootloaderDFU.txt

   1 /** \file
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   6
   7 /** \mainpage DFU Class USB AVR Bootloader
   8  *
   9  *  \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility:
  10  *
  11  *  The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo.
  12  *
  13  *  \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7)
  14  *  \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6)
  15  *  \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4)
  16  *  \li Series 2 USB AVRs (AT90USBxx2, ATMEGAxxU2)
  17  *
  18  *  \section Sec_Info USB Information:
  19  *
  20  *  The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo.
  21  *
  22  * <table>
  23  *  <tr>
  24  *   <td><b>USB Mode:</b></td>
  25  *   <td>Device</td>
  26  *  </tr>
  27  *  <tr>
  28  *   <td><b>USB Class:</b></td>
  29  *   <td>Device Firmware Update Class (DFU)</td>
  30  *  </tr>
  31  *  <tr>
  32  *   <td><b>USB Subclass:</b></td>
  33  *   <td>None</td>
  34  *  </tr>
  35  *  <tr>
  36  *   <td><b>Relevant Standards:</b></td>
  37  *   <td>USBIF DFU Class Standard, Atmel USB Bootloader Datasheet</td>
  38  *  </tr>
  39  *  <tr>
  40  *   <td><b>Supported USB Speeds:</b></td>
  41  *   <td>Full Speed Mode</td>
  42  *  </tr>
  43  * </table>
  44  *
  45  *  \section Sec_Description Project Description:
  46  *
  47  *  This bootloader enumerates to the host as a DFU Class device, allowing for DFU-compatible programming
  48  *  software to load firmware onto the AVR.
  49  *
  50  *  Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit
  51  *  into 4KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to
  52  *  edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile.
  53  *
  54  *  When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the
  55  *  bootloader from the normal user application.
  56  *
  57  *  \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation
  58  *
  59  *  This bootloader is designed to be compatible with Atmel's provided Windows DFU class drivers. You will need to
  60  *  install Atmel's DFU drivers prior to using this bootloader on Windows platforms. If you are using a 64 bit Windows
  61  *  OS, you will need to either disable the driver signing requirement (see online tutorials for details) or use a
  62  *  digitally signed version of the official Atmel driver provided by a third party AVR user at
  63  *  <a>http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewItem&item_id=2196&item_type=project</a>.
  64  *
  65  *  \note This device spoofs Atmel's DFU Bootloader USB VID and PID so that the Atmel DFU bootloader
  66  *        drivers included with FLIP will work. If you do not wish to use Atmel's ID codes, please
  67  *        manually change them in Descriptors.c and alter your driver's INF file accordingly.
  68  *
  69  *  \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application
  70  *
  71  *  This bootloader is compatible with Atmel's FLIP utility on Windows machines, and dfu-programmer on Linux machines.
  72  *
  73  *  \subsection SSec_FLIP FLIP (Windows)
  74  *
  75  *  FLIP (Flexible In-System Programmer) is a utility written by Atmel, and distributed for free on the Atmel website.
  76  *  The FLIP utility is designed to assist in the bootloader programming of a range of Atmel devices, through several
  77  *  popular physical interfaces including USB. It is written in Java, however makes use of native extensions for USB
  78  *  support and thus is only offered on Windows.
  79  *
  80  *  To program a device using FLIP, refer to the Atmel FLIP documentation.
  81  *
  82  *  \subsection SSec_DFUProgrammer dfu-programmer (Linux)
  83  *
  84  *  dfu-programmer is an open-source command line solution for the bootloader programming of Atmel devices through a
  85  *  USB connection, using the DFU protocol, available for download at <a>http://sourceforge.net/projects/dfu-programmer/</a>.
  86  *
  87  *  The following example loads a HEX file into the AVR's FLASH memory using dfu-programmer:
  88  *  \code
  89  *  dfu-programmer at90usb1287 erase flash Mouse.hex
  90  *  \endcode
  91  *
  92  *  \section Sec_API User Application API
  93  *
  94  *  Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader,
  95  *  allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data.
  96  *
  97  *  \warning The APIs exposed by the DFU class bootloader are \b NOT compatible with the API exposed by the official Atmel DFU bootloader.
  98  *
  99  *  By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the
 100  *  following layout:
 101  *
 102  *  \code
 103  *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE          32
 104  *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START         ((FLASHEND + 1UL) - BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE)
 105  *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(Index)         (void*)((BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (Index * 2)) / 2)
 106  *
 107  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_ErasePage)(uint32_t Address)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(0);
 108  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_WritePage)(uint32_t Address)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(1);
 109  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_FillWord)(uint32_t Address, uint16_t Word) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(2);
 110  *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadSignature)(uint16_t Address)           = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(3);
 111  *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadFuse)(uint16_t Address)                = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(4);
 112  *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadLock)(void)                            = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(5);
 113  *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_WriteLock)(uint8_t LockBits)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(6);
 114  *
 115  *  #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START   (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 2))
 116  *  #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE         0xDCFB
 117  *
 118  *  #define BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START   (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 4))
 119  *  #define BOOTLOADER_CDC_SIGNATURE           0xDFB1
 120  *
 121  *  #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START           (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 8))
 122  *  #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_LENGTH          4
 123  *  \endcode
 124  *
 125  *  From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address
 126  *  \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader
 127  *  can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them
 128  *  to the value \c BOOTLOADER_CDC_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes of FLASH
 129  *  memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START.
 130  *
 131  *  \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map
 132  *  The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader.
 133  *
 134  *  \verbatim
 135  *  +----------------------------+ 0x0000
 136  *  |                            |
 137  *  |                            |
 138  *  |                            |
 139  *  |                            |
 140  *  |                            |
 141  *  |                            |
 142  *  |                            |
 143  *  |                            |
 144  *  |      User Application      |
 145  *  |                            |
 146  *  |                            |
 147  *  |                            |
 148  *  |                            |
 149  *  |                            |
 150  *  |                            |
 151  *  |                            |
 152  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE
 153  *  |                            |
 154  *  |   Bootloader Application   |
 155  *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 156  *  |                            |
 157  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96
 158  *  |   API Table Trampolines    |
 159  *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 160  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32
 161  *  |    Bootloader API Table    |
 162  *  |   (User App. Accessible)   |
 163  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8
 164  *  |   Bootloader ID Constants  |
 165  *  |   (User App. Accessible)   |
 166  *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND
 167  *  \endverbatim
 168  *
 169  *  \section Sec_Options Project Options
 170  *
 171  *  The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value.
 172  *
 173  *  <table>
 174  *   <tr>
 175  *    <td><b>Define Name:</b></td>
 176  *    <td><b>Location:</b></td>
 177  *    <td><b>Description:</b></td>
 178  *   </tr>
 179  *   <tr>
 180  *    <td>SECURE_MODE</td>
 181  *    <td>AppConfig.h</td>
 182  *    <td>If defined to \c true, the bootloader will not accept any memory commands other than a chip erase on start-up, until an
 183  *        erase has been performed. This can be used in conjunction with the AVR's lockbits to prevent the AVRs firmware from
 184  *        being dumped by unauthorized persons. When false, all memory operations are allowed at any time.</td>
 185  *   </tr>
 186  *  </table>
 187  */
 188