3 * This file contains special DoxyGen information for the generation of the main page and other special
4 * documentation pages. It is not a project source file.
7 /** \mainpage DFU Class USB AVR Bootloader
9 * \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility:
11 * The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo.
13 * \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7)
14 * \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6)
15 * \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
16 * \li Series 2 USB AVRs (AT90USBxx2, ATMEGAxxU2) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
18 * \section Sec_Info USB Information:
20 * The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo.
24 * <td><b>USB Mode:</b></td>
28 * <td><b>USB Class:</b></td>
29 * <td>Device Firmware Update Class (DFU)</td>
32 * <td><b>USB Subclass:</b></td>
36 * <td><b>Relevant Standards:</b></td>
37 * <td>USBIF DFU Class Standard, Atmel USB Bootloader Datasheet</td>
40 * <td><b>Supported USB Speeds:</b></td>
41 * <td>Low Speed Mode \n
42 * Full Speed Mode</td>
46 * \section Sec_Description Project Description:
48 * This bootloader enumerates to the host as a DFU Class device, allowing for DFU-compatible programming
49 * software to load firmware onto the AVR.
51 * Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit
52 * into 4KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to
53 * edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile.
55 * When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the
56 * bootloader from the normal user application.
58 * \section Sec_Running Running the Bootloader
60 * On the USB AVR8 devices, setting the \c HWBE device fuse will cause the bootloader to run if the \c HWB pin of
61 * the AVR is grounded when the device is reset.
63 * The are two behaviours of this bootloader, depending on the device's fuses:
65 * <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is set</b>, the bootloader will run any time the system is reset from
66 * the external reset pin, unless no valid user application has been loaded. To initiate the bootloader, the
67 * device's external reset pin should be grounded momentarily.
69 * <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is not set</b>, the bootloader will run only if initiated via a software
70 * jump, or if the \c HWB pin was low during the last device reset (if the \c HWBE fuse is set).
72 * For board specific exceptions to the above, see below.
74 * \subsection SSec_XPLAIN Atmel Xplain Board
75 * Ground the USB AVR JTAG's \c TCK pin to ground when powering on the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the
76 * \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
78 * \subsection SSec_Leonardo Arduino Leonardo Board
79 * Ground \c IO13 when powering the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the
80 * \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
82 * \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation
84 * This bootloader is designed to be compatible with Atmel's provided Windows DFU class drivers. You will need to
85 * install Atmel's DFU drivers prior to using this bootloader on Windows platforms. If you are using a 64 bit Windows
86 * OS, you will need to either disable the driver signing requirement (see online tutorials for details) or use a
87 * digitally signed version of the official Atmel driver provided by a third party AVR user at
88 * <a>http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewItem&item_id=2196&item_type=project</a>.
90 * \note This device spoofs Atmel's DFU Bootloader USB VID and PID so that the Atmel DFU bootloader
91 * drivers included with FLIP will work. If you do not wish to use Atmel's ID codes, please
92 * manually change them in Descriptors.c and alter your driver's INF file accordingly.
94 * \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application
96 * This bootloader is compatible with Atmel's FLIP utility on Windows machines, and dfu-programmer on Linux machines.
98 * \subsection SSec_FLIP FLIP (Windows)
100 * FLIP (Flexible In-System Programmer) is a utility written by Atmel, and distributed for free on the Atmel website.
101 * The FLIP utility is designed to assist in the bootloader programming of a range of Atmel devices, through several
102 * popular physical interfaces including USB. It is written in Java, however makes use of native extensions for USB
103 * support and thus is only offered on Windows.
105 * To program a device using FLIP, refer to the Atmel FLIP documentation.
107 * \subsection SSec_DFUProgrammer dfu-programmer (Linux)
109 * dfu-programmer is an open-source command line solution for the bootloader programming of Atmel devices through a
110 * USB connection, using the DFU protocol, available for download at <a>http://sourceforge.net/projects/dfu-programmer/</a>.
112 * The following example loads a HEX file into the AVR's FLASH memory using dfu-programmer:
114 * dfu-programmer at90usb1287 erase flash Mouse.hex
117 * \section Sec_API User Application API
119 * Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader,
120 * allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data.
122 * \warning The APIs exposed by the DFU class bootloader are \b NOT compatible with the API exposed by the official Atmel DFU bootloader.
124 * By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the
127 * \snippet BootloaderAPI.h User Application API
129 * From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address
130 * \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader
131 * can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them
132 * to the value \c BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes of FLASH
133 * memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START.
135 * \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map
136 * The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader.
139 * +----------------------------+ 0x0000
148 * | User Application |
157 * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE
158 * | Booloader Start Trampoline |
159 * | (Not User App. Accessible) |
160 * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - (BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE - 4)
162 * | Auxillery Bootloader |
163 * | Space for Smaller Devices |
164 * | (Not User App. Accessible) |
166 * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE
168 * | Bootloader Application |
169 * | (Not User App. Accessible) |
171 * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96
172 * | API Table Trampolines |
173 * | (Not User App. Accessible) |
174 * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32
175 * | Bootloader API Table |
176 * | (User App. Accessible) |
177 * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8
178 * | Bootloader ID Constants |
179 * | (User App. Accessible) |
180 * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND
183 * \subsection SSec_Aux_Space Auxiliary Bootloader Section
184 * To make the bootloader function on smaller devices (those with a physical
185 * bootloader section of smaller than 6KB)
187 * \section Sec_KnownIssues Known Issues:
189 * \par On Linux machines, the DFU bootloader is inaccessible.
190 * On many Linux systems, non-root users do not have automatic access to newly
191 * inserted DFU devices. Root privileges or a UDEV rule is required to gain
193 * See <a href=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lufa-support/CP9cy2bc8yo/kBqsOu-RBeMJ>here</a> for resolution steps.
195 * \section Sec_Options Project Options
197 * The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value.
201 * <th><b>Define Name:</b></th>
202 * <th><b>Location:</b></th>
203 * <th><b>Description:</b></th>
206 * <td>SECURE_MODE</td>
207 * <td>AppConfig.h</td>
208 * <td>If defined to \c true, the bootloader will not accept any memory commands other than a chip erase on start-up, until an
209 * erase has been performed. This can be used in conjunction with the AVR's lockbits to prevent the AVRs firmware from
210 * being dumped by unauthorized persons. When false, all memory operations are allowed at any time.</td>